Baical skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) contains which type of constituents as key active components?

• A. Flavonoids such as baicalein and wogonin
• B. Aconitine alkaloids
• C. Anthraquinones
• D. Essential oils like menthol

Answer: (A)

The key constituents are flavonoids, particularly baicalein and wogonin. Scutellaria baicalensis is renowned for a flavonoid-rich profile, with baicalein and wogonin (and their glycosides baicalin and wogonoside) driving much of its activity. These flavonoids contribute anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiviral effects, which is why they’re considered the main active components. The other options point to compound types found in different plants—aconitine alkaloids come from Aconitum, anthraquinones from rheum/senna plants, and menthol-type essential oils from mint species—so they’re not the characteristic constituents of this herb.