Which herb from Fagaceae uses bark and contains tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, with astringent, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic actions?

• A. Quercus rubra
• B. Selenicereus grandiflorus
• C. Tribulus terrestris
• D. Salvia officinalis

Answer: (A)

Oak bark is a classic source of tannins, along with flavonoids and phenolic acids, which collectively provide astringent, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic actions. In the Fagaceae family, Quercus species—such as Quercus rubra (red oak)—are known for bark rich in tannins that yield strong astringent effects, helping to tighten tissues and inhibit microbial growth. Flavonoids and phenolic acids add further anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial support, enhancing the overall therapeutic profile of oak bark. The other options come from different plant families and do not offer bark-based tannin-rich astringent properties typical of Fagaceae.