Which of the following characterizes the herbal constituents of Cannabis sativa?

• A. Flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins
• B. Carotenoids, vitamins, minerals
• C. Cannabinoids (THC, CBD), terpenes, flavonoids
• D. Saponins, resins, tannins

Answer: (C)

Cannabis sativa is defined by cannabinoids (like THC and CBD), terpenes, and flavonoids. Cannabinoids are the primary active constituents unique to cannabis and drive much of its pharmacology. Terpenes provide characteristic aroma and aroma-related effects and can modulate how cannabinoids act. Flavonoids add antioxidant properties and may contribute to the overall activity of the plant. This combination best describes the herbal constituents of Cannabis sativa because it reflects its distinctive chemical makeup rather than general nutrients or other common plant compounds.